BOB·半岛

Developed countries represented by the United States and Japan have introduced a series of relatively perfect policy measures to promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry, which have played a good incentive role and can provide some useful inspiration for the development of China's new energy vehicle industry.

The United States - Perfect Relevant Regulations Implementation Policy Subsidies

In the 1970s, the United States began to popularize automobiles. According to statistics, the annual oil consumption of the transportation sector at that time had reached 4.5 billion tons, accounting for 53% of the total consumption The two oil crises that erupted during this period dealt a heavy blow to the US economy. The US authorities began implementing fuel economy standards for automobiles and introduced the "Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standard", which required 18 miles per gallon of fuel to be driven on modular power by 1978 and 27.5 miles per gallon of fuel to comply by 1985.

Previous US authorities have taken the development of new energy vehicles seriously, and the Clinton administration launched the "PNGV Plan" to jointly develop hybrid technology and fuel cell technology with the three major automobile companies; During the Bush administration, the Freedom CAR program was launched, focusing on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; The Obama administration has launched a series of preferential policies to vigorously promote the research and development of plug-in hybrid vehicles in response to the issue of the United States' hybrid and pure electric vehicles gradually losing their advantage in international competition.

The development of new energy vehicles in the United States is mainly focused on the following three aspects:

One is the perfect construction of laws and regulations. The United States has established a comprehensive legal system. Since the 1970s, the United States has successively introduced strict automotive industry indicators such as the Clean Air Amendment Act and the Energy Policy Act to encourage the production of new energy vehicles; Introduce laws such as the "Replacing Motor Vehicle Fuel Act" and the "Energy Policy Act" to provide tax incentives and give legal effect to consumers, stimulating the consumption of new energy vehicles; From research and development to promotion and use, there are relevant laws and regulations in every aspect of new energy vehicles, which systematically promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry.

The second is to establish special funds to promote the research and development of new technologies. In 2009, federal authorities spent $14 billion to stimulate the economy and provide relief to the automotive industry, some of which was used to support the research and production of power batteries and critical components. The United States has also established a fund totaling $25 billion to support manufacturers' research and production of energy-saving and new energy vehicles through low interest loans. To achieve the goal of 1 million hybrid vehicles being put into use in the United States by 2015, the US Department of Energy has also established a $2 billion government funding program to support the research and development of battery packs and their components required for the new generation of electric vehicles.

Thirdly, tax incentives provide subsidies to consumers. In 2002, the United States introduced the Energy Policy Act, which classified pure electric vehicles into four classes based on their total weight. Consumers who purchased pure electric vehicles with a total weight of less than 8500 pounds were eligible for a tax reduction of $3500. In May 2007, the United States proposed purchasing hybrid vehicles produced by companies such as General Motors, Ford, and Toyota, which could enjoy tax credits ranging from $250 to $2600. In January 2009, consumers who purchased plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were granted a tax deduction of $2500 to $7500. The US authorities provide varying degrees of subsidies based on the degree of fuel substitution, with the largest subsidy available to consumers of plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles, up to a maximum tax benefit of $7500.

Through the implementation of the above policies, the market share of hybrid vehicles in the US automotive market has gradually increased. The sales of hybrid vehicles increased from 17 units in 1999 to 274210 units in 2010. According to R.L Polk's market research, although the market share of hybrid vehicles declined in 2010 due to the cancellation of subsidies for hybrid vehicles, the market share of hybrid vehicles in the United States has gradually increased, from 1.4% in 2005 to 2.6% in 2010

Japan - Increase research and development efforts to perfect charging network

Due to the scarcity of resources in Japan, it highly values the development of the new energy vehicle industry and is one of the earliest countries in the world to develop new energy vehicles. The development of electric vehicles began as early as 1965 and was officially included in the national project. In 1967, the Japan Electric Vehicle Association was established to encourage the development of electric vehicles. Despite the unresolved issue of energy scarcity, Japan has introduced many policies to promote the development of new energy, which has also encouraged the growth of the new energy vehicle industry.

One is the joint research and development of battery core technology by government and enterprises. Since 1971, Japan has repeatedly invested huge amounts of funds to support the research and development of new energy vehicles, with over 20 billion yen invested in fuel cells alone, providing 100% funding support for the research and development of new technologies that are of public concern. Japanese automobile companies bear the majority of research and development expenses in the development of new energy vehicles. Japanese automobile companies are highly sensitive to the market and focus on developing hybrid electric vehicles that are relatively mature in technology and easy to produce on a large scale. In order to overcome the key technology of batteries, the largest new energy industry alliance for developing high-performance electric vehicle power batteries has been jointly established by automobile manufacturers, motor battery manufacturers, and renowned universities. The new project of "Innovative Battery Intermittent Science Basic Research Special Project" for 2009 will be implemented, and the Japanese authorities plan to invest 21 billion yen in this project within 7 years. We plan to increase the driving range of Japanese electric vehicles by more than three times on a single charge by 2020 through the development of electric vehicle power batteries.

The second is to implement a green tax system and promote new energy vehicles. In April 2009, Japan began implementing a green tax system, exempting consumers of new energy vehicles from various tax incentives. In June of the same year, the Chengdu personnel examination for the "New Generation Automobile" plan was launched, aiming to make environmentally friendly cars account for about half of the total automobile market by 2050. In November, the Japanese authorities further proposed to provide 230 billion yen in funding over a year to support subsidies for energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicle models. Consumers enjoy different tax reduction benefits based on the emission level of their vehicles.

The third is the large-scale construction of charging networks. As early as 1993, Japan launched the "Eco station" project, planning to establish 2000 alternative energy vehicle fuel supply stations, including 1000 fast charging stations for pure electric vehicles. In 2010, the "New Generation Motor Vehicle Strategy" was introduced, proposing an industry guidance plan and specifying the market size that hybrid and pure electric vehicles should reach by 2020. At the same time, it is proposed to build 5000 fast charging stations and 2 million household universal charging devices for pure electric vehicle models by 2020.

The implementation of the above policies has made Japan's hybrid vehicle production and sales far ahead of the world. The number of new energy vehicles is rapidly increasing, especially hybrid vehicles. According to data announced by the Japanese automotive industry as a whole, hybrid vehicle sales accounted for 17.1% of domestic car sales in 2011, a year-on-year increase of 4.8%, far higher than the market share in the United States and Europe. In the 2011 domestic car sales data announced by Toyota, hybrid cars accounted for 36.1% of all its products sold In the data announced by Honda, hybrid cars account for 40.8%.

Japanese hybrid cars are also popular worldwide, especially in the US hybrid car market where they have taken a dominant position.